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Food fraud and adulteration

Authenticity
Fraud

Staphyloccus and staphylococcus enterotoxin

EU

France

[9] Ministère de l’agriculture – Bilan de la campagne 2021 des PSPC (published 16/11/2022) (updated 2022)
[10] DGAL,’IT DGAL/SDEIGIR/2023-691 Dispositions générales relatives à la campagne 2024 du dispositif de plans de surveillance et de contrôle’ November 2023

netherlands

[11] RIVM, ‘Signaleringsoverleg Voedselveiligheid: Jaarrapportage 2021’, 2022.
[12] NVWA, ‘Advies van de directeur bureau Risicobeoordeling & onderzoek van de NVWA over Voedselveiligheidrisico’s van rauwe consumptiemelk gedurende de bewaarfase’, 2022.
[13] NVWA, ‘Risico’s voor mens, dier en natuur in de visketen’, 2022.
[14] Baede et al., ‘MRSA surveillance programmes worldwide: moving towards a harmonised international approach’, 2022.
[15] RIVM, ‘Registratie voedselgerelateerde uitbraken in Nederland, 2022’, 2023.

Spain

[15] AESAN. Programa 8. Peligros biológicos en alimentos (Plan Nacional de Control Oficial de la Cadena Alimentaria 2021-2025) – Versión 3 – 15 de marzo de 2023
[16] AESAN. Informe de resultados 2022. Programa 8. Peligros biológicos en alimentos (Plan Nacional de Control Oficial de la Cadena Alimentaria 2021-2025)
[17] AESAN. Informe de resultados 2021. Programa 8. Peligros biológicos en alimentos (Plan Nacional de Control Oficial de la Cadena Alimentaria 2021-2025)

WORLD

[18] FAO/WHO, “Report of the expert meeting on food safety for seaweed current status and future perspectives” – October 2022

Streptococcus

NETHERLANDS

[1] RIVM, ‘Signaleringsoverleg Voedselveiligheid: Jaarrapportage 2021’, 2022.

Sulfite-reducing anaerobes

EU

Yersinia

FRANCE

[1] INSTITUT PASTEUR & Al, ‘First description of a Yersinia pseudotuberculosis clonal outbreak in France, confirmed using a new core genome multilocus sequence typing method’ July 2022
[2] DGAL,’IT DGAL/SDEIGIR/2023-691 Dispositions générales relatives à la campagne 2024 du dispositif de plans de surveillance et de contrôle’ November 2023

Vibrio

FRANCE

[1] ANSES-BE SSA, ‘Evaluation de la contamination des mollusques bivalves et des produits de la pêche -stade distribution- prélevés en France par des Vibrio potentiellement entéropathogènes (published 28/5/2021)
[2] Ministère de l’agriculture – Bilan de la campagne 2021 des PSPC (published 16/11/2022) (updated 2022)
[3] INRAE-IRSTEA, ‘Rapport d’activité 2020’ – June 2021 updated July 2022 ‘bilan INRAE 2021’
[4] IFREMER, ‘Rapport d’activités 2021’. LNR de Microbiologie des coquillages” April 2020 (updated march 22)

NETHERLANDS

[1] RIVM’ Food-related outbreaks in the Netherlands 2006-2017′, 2020.
[2] RIVM, ‘Signaleringsoverleg Voedselveiligheid: Jaarrapportage 2021’, 2022.
[2] NVWA, ‘Risico’s voor mens, dier en natuur in de visketen’, 2022.

USA

[1] FSIS: Quarterly sampling reports for Salmonella serotype information
[2] FSIS report: Survey of Not Ready-to-Eat Breaded and Stuffed Chicken Products for Salmonella (June 2023)

WORLD

[1] FAO, Thinking about the future of food safety, 2022
[2] FAO/WHO, “Report of the expert meeting on food safety for seaweed current status and future perspectives” – October 2022

Various pathogens

USA

[1] USDA study to assess levels of Clostridium perfringens in retail RTE meat and poultry products (May 2021)
[2] USDA FSIS report: Study of Clostridium perfringens in retail RTE meat and poultry products (August 2023)

FRANCE

[3] ANSES,’ Programme de travail 2022 and ANSES ‘projets de recherche retenus 2023’ November 2023
[4] ANSES, ‘Rapport d’expertise: Clostridium botulinum (…)première étape pour l’évaluation des risques’, juin 2021. and ‘Avis relatif à l’évaluation des mesures de maîtrise en filière avicole lors de la détection de cas de botulisme‘ (Marsh 2022) and ANSES updated page (26/10/23)
[5] DGAL, ‘Plan de surveillance relatif à la contamination de la viande fraîche de volaille par Campylobacter, Salmonella spp.et Clostridioides difficile au stade de la distribution ‘ December 2021

GERMANY

[6] BfR, Akuter Botulismus in deutschen Milchviehbeständen: Botulismus-Fälle des Menschen nach Verzehr von Milch und Milcherzeugnissen sind sehr unwahrscheinlich, October 2022

Netherlands

[7] NVWA, ‘Risico’s voor mens, dier en natuur in de visketen’, 2022.
[8] RIVM, ‘Surveillance van enterale infecties en zoönosen. Jaarrapportage 2022’, 2023.

World

[9] FAO, Thinking about the future of food safety, 2022
[10] FAO/WHO, “Microbiological hazards in spices and dried aromatic herbs”, March 2022
[11] FAO/WHO, “Report of the expert meeting on food safety for seaweed current status and future perspectives” – October 2022

PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

Bp1:

Bacillus
Clostridium
E.coli
Listeria monocytogenes
Salmonella
Staphyloccus and staphylococcus enterotoxin
Vibrio

Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic resistance

Parasites

Anisakis
Cyclospora
Cryptosporidium
Toxocara
Trichinella
Tremadodes
Various parasites

Virus

Foodborne virus
ASP – African Swine Fever
Avian and Swine Flu
Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
Coronavirus
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis E
Influenza
Monkeypox virus
Norovirus
Rotavirus
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV)

PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

Bp2:

Acinetobacter
Arcobacter
Burkholderia
Brucella
Campylobacter
Coxiella
Cronobacter
Enterobacteriaceae
E.coli STEC and VTEC
Histamine and other biogenic amines
Klebsiella
Mycoplasma
Pseudomonas
Streptococcus
Sulfite-reducing anaerobes
Various pathogens
Yersinia

Allergens

Risk management
New food

Climate Change, emerging hazards and diseases

New emerging risks
New diets

Food composition and risks associated with “healthier” diets

Food supplements
Plant origin substances
Alternative proteins
Plant origin substances
Additives
Nutrition

Salmonella

Belgium

[1] Scientific Committee of the FASFC, Opinion 10-2022 of the Scientific Committee established at the FASFC on the risk factors of microbial contamination of carcasses during the slaughter process of farm animals (dossier SciCom 2020/18), 2022.

EU

FRANCE

[12] Ministère de l’agriculture – Bilan de la campagne 2021 des PSPC (published 16/11/2022) (updated 2022)
[13] SPF, ‘Salmonelloses à salmonella sérotype bovismorbificans liée à la consommation de viande chevaline’ October 2020 updated 22/10/2021
[14] ANSES, ‘ Avis relatif aux modalités de maîtrise du risque lié à la présence de dangers microbiologiques dans les fromages et autres produits laitiers fabriqués à partir de lait cru’ April 2022 and ANSES, ‘Un nouveau test pour mieux détecter les E. coli pathogènes dans les aliments’ July 2022
[15] MAA, ‘Plan national de contrôle officiels pluriannuel (PNCOPA) 2021-2025, rapport annuel sur données 2021 (published 11/2022)
[16] ANSES, ‘Mieux lutter contre les bactéries dans les ateliers de transformation des aliments’ January 2022
[17] Ministère de l’agriculture, ‘Feuille de route pour lutter contre la Brucellose en Savoie et Haute Savoie’ October 2022
[18] DGAL,’IT DGAL/SDEIGIR/2023-691 Dispositions générales relatives à la campagne 2024 du dispositif de plans de surveillance et de contrôle’ November 2023
[19] DGAL, ‘Plan de surveillance relatif à la contamination de la viande fraîche de volaille par Campylobacter, Salmonella spp.et Clostridioides difficile au stade de la distribution ‘ December 2021
[20] DGAL, ‘IT DGAL/SDEIGIR/2023-822 Plan de surveillance de la contamination par Listeria monocytogenes et Salmonella spp. des saucissons secs et autres pièces cuites ainsi que de certains produits à cuire au stade de la distribution. (01/2024)

gERMANY

[21] BfR, More salmonella infections in Europe: Hygiene rules help prepare poultry safely, April 2021
[22] BfR, Salmonella and Chocolate, April 2022
[23] A BfR, Salmonella control programme – results for 2022: no consistent trend for all poultry and production types, June 2023

ITALY

[24] Ministero della Salute, ‘Programmazione delle attività del CNSA per la Valutazione del rischio triennio 2022- 2024.February 2022
[25] Ministero della Salute, “Piano nazionale di controllo delle salmonellosi negli avicoli 2022/2024” September 2022

netherlands

[26] Friesema et al,. ‘Records of food-related outbreaks : in the Netherlands, 2018-2019, 2020.
[27] M NVWA, ‘Advies van de directeur bureau Risicobeoordeling & onderzoek van de NVWA over Voedselveiligheidrisico’s van rauwe consumptiemelk gedurende de bewaarfase’, 2022.
[28] NVWA, ‘Risico’s voor mens, dier en natuur in de visketen’, 2022.
[29] NVWA, ‘Rapport Visketen in beeld 2022’, 2022.
[30] RIVM, ‘Surveillance zoönosen in vleeskalveren 2022’, 2023.
[31] RIVM, ‘Surveillance van enterale infecties en zoönosen. Jaarrapportage 2022’, 2023.
[32] RIVM, ‘Registratie voedselgerelateerde uitbraken in Nederland, 2022’, 2023.

POLAND

[33] AN INTEGRATED MULTI-YEAR CONTROL PLAN FOR POLAND for 2020-2024
[34] Official control of poultry meat from Ukraine Salmonella typhimurium i enteritidis 2024

PORTUGAL

[35] DGAV, “Multiannual Bovine Brucellosis Surveillance Program central region-2020_2024-approved”
[36] DGAV, “National Salmonella Control Programs (PNCS)” 2021-2022

Spain

[37] AESAN. Programa 8. Peligros biológicos en alimentos (Plan Nacional de Control Oficial de la Cadena Alimentaria 2021-2025) – Versión 3 – 15 de marzo de 2023
[38] AESAN. Informe de resultados 2022. Programa 8. Peligros biológicos en alimentos (Plan Nacional de Control Oficial de la Cadena Alimentaria 2021-2025)
[39] AESAN. Informe de resultados 2021. Programa 8. Peligros biológicos en alimentos (Plan Nacional de Control Oficial de la Cadena Alimentaria 2021-2025)

usa

[37] FDA report of sampling of Romaine lettuce in Yuma, AZ (microbiology) (October 2021)
[38] FDA report of FY20-FY21 Romaine lettuce sampling assignment (May 2021)
[39] FDA Microbiological Surveillance Sampling: FY21 Sample Collection and Analysis of Lettuce Grown in Salinas Valley, CA (September 2022; updated 2024)
[39] FDA Investigation Report: Factors Potentially Contributing to the Contamination of Packaged Leafy Greens Implicated in the Outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium During the Summer of 2021 (January 2022)
[39] USDA FSIS – Pork Salmonella Performance Standards Risk Assessment (April 2020 – February 2022) (February 2022)
[39] USDA FSIS – Salmonella outbreaks linked to Italian-style meats (Salmonella infantis and S. typhimurium) (2022)
[39] USDA FSIS – Expanded chicken carcass sampling for Salmonella (August 2022)
[39] USDA FSIS – Investigation Report: Salmonella Enteritidis Outbreak Linked to Frozen, Raw, Breaded, Stuffed Chicken Products (July 2021)
[39] FDA – 2022 Seafood Survey for PFAS (analytical results) (July 2022)
[39] USDA FSIS: Report – Data Summary of Siluriformes Fish Testing: A Five-Year Review, FY 2016-2020 (March 29, 2022)
[39] FSIS: Quarterly sampling reports for Salmonella serotype information
[39] FSIS report: Survey of Not Ready-to-Eat Breaded and Stuffed Chicken Products for Salmonella (June 2023)

wORLD

[37] FAO/WHO, “Microbiological hazards in spices and dried aromatic herbs”, March 2022
[38] FAO/WHO, “Report of the expert meeting on food safety for seaweed current status and future perspectives” – October 2022
[39] FAO, “Prevention and controlof microbiological hazards in fresh fruit and vegetables – Part 3: Sprout”, February 2023
[39] FAO, “Prevention and control of microbiological hazards in fresh fruit and vegetables – Part 4: Specific Commodities”, October 2023

Novel food and new materials and technologies

Ingredients or materials
GMO
Insect
Cell-based foods
Ingredients or materials
Algae

Risk assessment/management

Risk assessment methodologies
Risk management
Biological risks
Plant protection products
Chemical risks
Monitoring programs

Dioxins, PCBs

Dioxins
PCBs

Food Contact Materials

2,6-Diisopropylnaphthalene
Aluminium
Melamine
Mixture of contaminants from FCM
MOH (MOSH and MOAH)
NIAS
Phtalates
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
Organophosphate esters flame retardants (OPFRs)

Metals

Met1:

Cadmium
Lead

Metals

Met2:

Aluminium
Antimony
Arsenic
Arsenic (inorganic)
Barium
Chrome
Heavy metals
Mercury
Methyl-Mercury (MeHg)
Nickel
Tin
Mixed metals

Mycotoxins

Myc1:

Aflatoxins
Altenaria toxins
DON
Ergot alkaloids
Fumonisins
Fusarium toxins (beauvericin, enniatins)
Ochratoxins A
Patulin
Phomopsins
Sterigmatocystin
Trichothecenes (TC) – (T2 and HT2 toxins)
Zeralenone
Mixed mycotoxins

Mycotoxins

Myc2:

Neoformed Compounds

2-MCPD, 3-MCPD, Glycidol and their esters
Acrylamide
Amines
Furan and methylfurans, 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF)
New neoformed compounds from different treatments as Acrolein, triamin, biogenic amines, nitrosamines etc.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)

Others

Brominated flame retardants (BFRs)
Endocrine disruptors (ED)
Iodine
Melamine
Nitrate related compound
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAs) [PFAS and PFOS]
Perchlorates and chlorates
Microplastics and nanoplastics (sources and route of exposition, methods…)
Plant origin active substances
Other chemicals
Mixed chemicals

Phyto/Marine Biotoxins

ASP – Amnesic Shellfish poisoning
Ciguatoxins – CTX
Cyanotoxins
Cyclic imines – CI
Palytoxins – PLTX
Pinnatoxins – PnTXs
Tetrodotoxins (TTX)
Other marine toxins

Pesticides

Chlordecone
Chlorothalonil
Ethephon
Ethylene oxide
Glyphosate
Fipronil
Metolachlore
Mixed pesticides

Plant Toxins

Calystegines
Cyanogenic glycosides (CNglcs)
Erucic acid
Glycoalkaloids
Opium alkaloids
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
Phytocannabinoids
Quinolizidine alkaloids
Tropane alkaloids
Other plant toxins

Veterinary Drugs

Metabolites of drugs and plant protection products
Unauthorized substances
Residues of Veterinary Medical products

Burkholderia

WORLDWIDE

[1] FAO, Thinking about the future of food safety, 2022

ACINETOBACTER

WORLDWIDE

[1] FAO, Thinking about the future of food safety, 2022

SPAIN

[2] AESAN. Informe del Comité Científico de la Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición (AESAN) sobre la prospección de peligros biológicos de interés en seguridad alimentaria en España (2) (AESAN-2022-008)

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REFERENCES

EFSA, “Explains risk assessment: Acrylamide in food”, June 2015 EFSA CONTAM, “Scientific Opinion on acrylamide in food”, June 2015 Sum of Us, “Acrylamide levels in food: Passing the hot potato”, November 2016 European Commission, “Regulation (EU) 2017/2158: mitigation measures and benchmark levels for the reduction of the presence of acrylamide in foods”, November 2017 European Commission, “RASFF – Food and Feed Safety Alerts”, [website] Specific analysis by Mérieux NutriSciences (Safety HUD) Food Drink Europe, “Toolbox 2013”, December 2013 European Commission, “Commission Recommendation 2010/307/EU”, June 2010 European Commission, “Commission recommendation on investigations into the levels of acrylamide in food 2013/647/EU”, November 2013 Food Drink Europe, 15th edition of industry wide Acrylamide Toolbox, March 2019 European Commission, “Commission Recommendation (EU) 2019/1888 of 7 November 2019 on the monitoring of the presence of acrylamide in certain foods”, 2019 European Commission, “EU SCIENCE HUB: Standardized methods for process contaminants” Food Packaging Forum, “Californian District Court holds acrylamide lawsuits”, April 2021 N. Cahill, Federal Judgeorders pause of California lawsuits over Cancer warning labels, 2021