Marine Biotoxins

definition

Last update: 13/05/2026

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Marine biotoxins (phycotoxins) are toxic secondary metabolites naturally produced by phytoplanktonic microorganisms (microalgae). They accumulate in marine organisms, particularly filter-feeding bivalve molluscs (e.g., mussels, oysters, clams, scallops) and certain fish species.

They are chemically diverse compounds, including amino acids, alkaloids, and polyketides, and may exhibit different molecular mechanisms of action. Marine biotoxins share common characteristics:
  • Odorless
  • Tasteless
  • Heat stable
  • Acid stable
  • Absorbed at the gastrointestinal level

At the same time, they present important differences: they may have high or low molecular weight and can be either hydrophilic or lipophilic. [2]

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